Why Is it Important that Students Have Musical Awareness?
Communication. As students progress in their study or as they move toward teaching or choreography the ability to talk about and interpret music and its relationship to dance with clarity will be an asset. Consider the following scenario, for instance:
“Something in three,” the ballet teacher says, and the poor accompanist can’t satisfy the request until the teacher finally yells, “No, no, no! Something in THREE! One, two, three, eee; One, two, three, eee.” — from an article by Monica Dale.
Developing musical artistry (or musicality) in dance requires some understanding of or at least hands on experience with musical form, rhythmical structure, and the other ingredients of music. What is musical artistry? My definition: The ability to connect with accompanying music, interpret it, phrase and add dynamics to movement in relationship to the music (or even in the absence of music) in a way that is unique or interesting.
Staying together. At a more base level it is simply easier to keep students moving together and on the beat if there is a shared comprehension of music.
Bridging the gap
Do your students have a basic understanding of musical concepts? As music and arts programs in public schools have faced cutbacks, I’ve found myself needing to diligently cover meter, tempos, and rhythms in my dance classes to make up for what schools are lacking in this area.
While dance teachers cannot fully nourish this musical malnutrition, there are fortunately many inventive ways that they can lay a foundation for musicality and a competency in musical theory within their classes. The suggestions (or perhaps more accurately, principles) below are by no means a complete guide to accomplishing the task but hopefully they’ll prime the pump of your own creativity. I’d love to hear about additional strategies or ideas that you have in the comments below and I know others would too!
Explore Tempos and Rhythm in your Curriculum
Most classes for younger children incorporate music-related activities through the use of props, instruments, songs or rhymes. Rarely, however, do teachers of students older than 5 or 6 years make exploration of tempo or rhythm part of each dance lesson. It can’t be assumed that older children have “naturally” developed a sense or understanding of these concepts. Continue musical exploration beyond the early years.
Break Patterns
Whenever possible, seek out music with varying meter or with time signatures other than 4/4. This can be particularly challenging in classes that make use of popular music. Experiment with music from other cultures and push yourself to try something new or that goes beyond your own choreographic or musical preferences. Include your students in the process, urging them to be on the lookout for music with unusual meter and to bring in their best finds for use in class.
Return to Square One Every Now and Then
Sometimes even older students have trouble finding the beat. It never hurts to revisit such basic concepts as moving on the beat, finding the downbeat, counting the music, or locating phrases within the music. Try having students improvise – moving on each clap, drumbeat, or beat of the music. Then have them try moving on each downbeat, or every 3 or 4 or 5, etc. beats. Create rhythms and patterns like this example (in 3/4 time) move, hold, hold || moo–oo-ove || hold, hold, move! || hold, hold, move!
Music Theory through Dance
There are many creative ways you might incorporate concepts like note value and rhythm in your classes. Try visual aids as simple as halved, quartered, and further divisions of paper. Allow students to explore what it feels like to suspend movement throughout a whole note or dance a rhythmic pattern. Allow them to create and dance their own patterns. Or, help students to recognize the musical structure of phrases or movements which they already know. Explore the uneven quality of a skip for instance – Clap the rhythm. How many fit within a given measure? What would a skip look like if written in musical notation? And, what about chaîné turns? A triplet or waltz turn? A time step?
Music educators know that movement is a great tool in teaching music theory. Dance educators can learn and expand their curriculum with just a bit of what these musicians put into practice in their classrooms… if given the opportunity.
Additional reading:
- Teach music concepts through body movement – MENC 1973
- Dalcroze Eurhythmics: A Brief Introduction
- Rhythmic movement and Public School Music Education – MENC 1991
- Music Education Beyond the Mozart Effect
- Feel It: Rhythm Games for All
- Hap Palmer: Educational Children’s Songs
Why do you feel musical awareness is important?
What are some methods you use in your classes to increase musical awareness?
Nichelle (owner/editor)
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I am frankly still on the fence about the notion of teaching musicality: if you’re not born with it, can it really be taught? I have young children who cross the threshold at my ballet school with amazing awareness–seemingly innate–of tempo and phrase, and others who move without one jot of regard for the music that is there to accompany them. Since my school is still very much in its infancy, I suppose time will tell. But I soldier on, in the hope that I can help the less-than-musical hear the beat.
I introduce the idea of dancing musically in Creative Movement–this is the first level I teach, for 4-year-olds. A favorite exercise is this: using an easy-to-count march, we move around the perimeter of the room, two abreast, stomping and shouting out eight counts, alternately tiptoeing and whispering eight counts. So we are exploring counting in phrases of eight, and also exploring pianissimo and fortissimo (I really encourage them to let it rip!). If you ask any of my Creatives what comes after eight, they will tell you unequivocally, ONE!
In the next level, Pre-Ballet, we learn waltz, starting without music, standing in place, and clapping ONE-two-three, ONE-two-three, etc. We add music and play follow-the-leader (that’s me), snaking around the room chanting 1-2-3, with down-up-up in the legs and feet. Eventually, I ask them to “find 8 in 3”–meaning, Where is the phrase of 8? So we repeat the exercise, counting ONE-two-three, TWO-two-three, THREE-two-three, and so on, through eight. So they are learning something besides four-four, but also recognizing the familiar, balletic phrase of eight. Towards the holidays I teach them a modified Mother Ginger variation–that piece of music is a fabulous smorgasbord of meter and tempi changes. But most of them usually “get it.”
By Level I we are exploring more complex musical textures, including Mazurka and Polonaise. I always have them clap out ONE-and-two-three for Mazurka, and we listen to the granddaddy of them all from Coppelia. I also teach them the polonaise from Sleeping Beauty Act III. Mazurka is complicated enough that I usually wait until second semester to introduce it. Again, I have some who catch on right away, and others who are genuinely flummoxed.
That is my general approach. I also scrawl musical terminology all over the mirror using a dry erase marker–great for visual learners, and I like for kids to know what those big Italian words–staccato, legato, adagio, etc.–look like. I will say that my students who study piano seem far and away more informed than their young non-musical colleagues. For some reason, the study of piano seems to really underscore so beautifully what we do in the ballet classroom. But for the non-musical who rush through the movement, I like to say, “Soak up the entire phrase of music with your dancing,” for example, or “Use every drop of music.” Sometimes the sponge metaphor works.
Loved this post–thanks.
Thanks so much for sharing these, Deb! Sounds like you have a great approach!
As for teaching musicality, I’m not sure either. I do think that even what we consider “natural” ability is mostly learned in a sense, albeit for some very early in life. My son at (almost) 2 already displays a very “natural” sense of rhythm and musical awareness however he also heard and felt music and movement from within my body as I taught classes, we dance around our home, music is often a part of our daily routine… I’m sure you get where I’m going. Perhaps it goes back to those synapses that people form very early in life, why its best and easiest to learn languages at a very young age for example. Music is another kind of language and those neural pathways are opened through exposure and experience when we are young. As we get older it may be harder to carve out those pathways, just as it harder to learn a language as one gets older. But I do think it is possible to develop greater musical awareness and comprehension in students with time and exposure (and a willingness on the part of the student since learning is of course a two-way street). Will those that are not “naturals” ever catch up with those that are? Maybe… maybe not but its worth a try 🙂